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Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey I of Anjou ( – July 21, 987), known as ''Grisegonelle'' ("GreyGown"), was count of Anjou from 960 to 987.〔Refer to Bernard S. Bachrach, "Fulk Nerra: Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040" (California, 1993) 261 and 262 for a useful genealogy of the Angevin comital line.〕
==Life==
Geoffrey was the eldest son of Fulk II, Count of Anjou and his first wife Gerberga.〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 116〕 He succeeded his father as Count of Anjou about 960,at the age of 20.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, ''Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040'' (University of California Press, 1993), p. 9〕 He married Adele of Meaux (934–982), daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy.〔 On her mother's side she was a granddaughter of king Robert I of France and on her father's side a direct descendant of Charlemagne.〔 Through this marriage the Angevins joined the highest ranks of western French nobility.〔
Geoffrey started by making his power-base the citadel of Angers strategically placing his ''fideles'' in key areas surrounding the city to protect his territories.〔''Medieval Transformations: Texts, Power, and Gifts in Context'', Ed. E. Cohen & M.B. de Jong (Brill, Leiden & Boston, 2001), p. 193〕 The lands of the abbeys of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Serge in Angers provided the ''beneficium'' for his most faithful adherents.〔 On this subject which became this family's theme, Geoffrey advised both his sons, Fulk and Maurice: "No house is weak that has many friends. Therefore I admonish you to hold dear those fideles who have been friends."〔Bernard S. Bachrach, ''Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040'' (University of California Press, 1993), p. 82 & n. 95〕 Although one of the principal methods of Angevin expansion was by the creation of family connections Geoffrey exerted his control through various methods.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, 'The Idea of the Angevin Empire', ''Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies'', Vol. 10, No. 4 (Winter,1978), p. 295〕 His father had controlled Nantes through his second marriage to the widowed countess and Geoffrey continued this by making Count Guerech accept him as overlord.〔 With an eye towards Maine, Geoffrey took advantage of the rift that developed between the Counts of Maine and the viscounts and Bishops of Le Mans.〔Steven Fanning, 'A Bishop and His World Before the Gregorian Reform: Hubert of Angers, 1006-1047', ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'', Vol. 78, Part 1 (1978), p. 30〕 About 971 Geoffrey secured the see of Le Mans for his ally Bishop Seinfroy.〔Steven Fanning, 'A Bishop and His World Before the Gregorian Reform: Hubert of Angers, 1006-1047', ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'', Vol. 78, Part 1 (1978), p. 29〕 In 973 Geoffrey had married his daughter Ermengarde-Gerberga to Conan I of Rennes〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 75〕 but Conan began to oppose Geoffrey and in 982 the two met at the first battle of Conquereuil with Geoffrey defeating Conan.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, ''Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040'' (University of California Press, 1993), p. 15〕
Geoffrey had influence in Aquitaine by way of his sister Adelaide-Blanche's first marriage to the powerful baron Stephen, Count of Gevaudan and Forez who after his death the lands were ruled by Adelaide.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, 'The Idea of the Angevin Empire', ''Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies'', Vol. 10, No. 4 (Winter,1978), p. 296〕 His nephews Pons and Bertrand succeeded as counts there and his niece Adalmode married Adelbert, Count of Marche and Périgord. In 975 Geoffrey had his brother Guy appointed Count and Bishop of Le Puy.〔 In 982 Geoffrey married his now widowed sister Adelaide-Blanche to the fifteen-year-old Louis V of France, the two being crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine.〔 But the marriage to a woman thirty years his senior failed as did Geoffrey's plans to control Aquitaine through his young son-in-law.〔 After the death of his first wife Adele, Geoffrey married secondly Adelaise de Châlon and for nearly a decade exerted control over the county of Châlons.〔 Through the marriage of his son, Fulk III, to Elisabeth the heiress of Vendôme Geoffrey brought that county into the Angevin sphere of influence.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, 'The Idea of the Angevin Empire', ''Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies'', Vol. 10, No. 4 (Winter,1978), p. 297〕 Fortunately it was at this same time Geoffrey made his son Fulk Nerra his co-ruler since he died shortly thereafter while besieging the fortress of Marcon on 21 July 987.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, ''Fulk Nerra the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040'' (University of California Press, 1993), p. 16〕
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